A Comprehensive Review of Improvements in Clinical Pharmacy: Integration of AI, Pharmacovigilance, Telepharmacy, Legalization, and Multidisciplinary Collaboration for Enhanced Healthcare Delivery

Document Type : Review Articles.

Authors

1 Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), P.O. Box 77, Giza, Egypt.

2 College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), P.O. Box 77, Giza, Egypt

3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), P.O. Box 77, Giza, Egypt.

Abstract

Clinical pharmacists once limited to medication prescriptions, have expanded their responsibilities to encompass patient-centered care, pharmaceutical care, and the optimization of chronic disease management. With advancements in technology, including the integration of electronic health records and tele-pharmacy, pharmacists now play a pivotal role in remote patient consultations and pharmacovigilance, enhancing medication safety and efficacy, and multidisciplinary collaboration of different specialties in seeking patients' health. The review also delves into the legal and ethical frameworks required to support these advancements, emphasizing their impact on healthcare delivery. Additionally, the collaboration between pharmacists and microbiologists in antimicrobial therapy, particularly in addressing microbial resistance, has strengthened patient outcomes, and pharmaceutical care by filling gaps between the diagnostic and therapy parts to avoid possible therapy failure and economic useless bleeding out of resources. The future of clinical pharmacists in primary care is particularly promising, with emerging initiatives such as pharmacist prescribing and "Pharmacy First" services, demonstrating their increasing impact on patient care. It predicts safer and more efficient medication protocol planning between cooperative medical teams with different specialties for common and oriented targets.

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